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Clave (rhythm)
The clave is a rhythmic pattern used as a tool for temporal organization in Afro-Cuban music. It is present in a variety of genres such as Abakuá music, rumba, conga, son, mambo, salsa, songo, timba and Afro-Cuban jazz. The five-stroke clave pattern represents the structural core of many Afro-Cuban rhythms.〔Gerhard Kubik cited by Agawu, Kofi (2006: 1-46). “Structural Analysis or Cultural Analysis? Comparing Perspectives on the ‘Standard Pattern’ of West African Rhythm” ''Journal of the American Musicological Society'' v. 59, n. 1.〕
The clave pattern originated in sub-Saharan African music traditions, where it serves essentially the same function as it does in Cuba. In ethnomusicology, clave is also known as a ''key pattern'',〔Novotney, Eugene N. (1998: 165) ''Thesis: The 3:2 Relationship as the Foundation of Timelines in West African Musics'', UnlockingClave.com. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois.〕〔Peñalosa, David (2012: 255) ''The Clave Matrix; Afro-Cuban Rhythm: Its Principles and African Origins''. Redway, CA: Bembe Inc. ISBN 1-886502-80-3.〕 ''guide pattern'',〔Gerstin, Julian (2013) "Rhythmic Structures in the African Continuum" ''Analytical Approaches to World Music''.〕 ''phrasing referent'',〔Agawu, Kofi (2003: 73) ''Representing African Music: Postcolonial Notes, Queries, Positions''. New York: Routledge.〕 ''timeline'',〔Nketia, Kwabena (1961: 78) ''African Music in Ghana''. Accra: Longmans.〕 or ''asymmetrical timeline''.〔Kubik, Gerhard (1999: 54) ''Africa and the Blues''. Jackson, MI: University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 1-57806-145-8.〕 The clave pattern is also found in the African diaspora musics of Haitian Vodou drumming, Afro-Brazilian music and Afro-Uruguayan music (candombe). The clave pattern is used in North American popular music as a rhythmic motif or ostinato, or simply a form of rhythmic decoration.
==Etymology==
Anglicized pronunciation: ''clah-vay''
Clave is a Spanish word meaning 'code,' 'key,' as in key to a mystery or puzzle, or 'keystone,' the wedge-shaped stone in the center of an arch that ties the other stones together. Clave is also the name of the patterns played on claves; two hardwood sticks used in Afro-Cuban music ensembles—Peñalosa (2009).〔
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